India's informal sector deleverages: loans per unit drop 20% to Rs 42,776, capex falls 14%

MoSPI's ASUSE 2025 reveals 7.92 crore informal enterprises—99.94% micro—are pulling back. Outstanding loans per establishment fell 20% YoY, fixed asset additions dropped 14%, and interest payable shrank 16%, even as bank credit to micro/small industry rose 33%. Signals weak micro-enterprise confidence despite 74.5 lakh jobs added.

— FiledFri, 15 May, 2026, 07:27 IST·First seen Fri, 15 May, 2026, 06:54 IST·Source Indian Express · Business

What happened

MoSPI ASUSE 2025 shows India's informal sector—covering small traders, manufacturers and service units—deleveraging: outstanding loans per establishment fell

Key facts

  • interest payable -16%
  • outstanding loans -20% to Rs 42,776
  • fixed asset addition -14%
  • GVA Rs 20 lakh crore (6.4% of national)
  • 7.92 crore enterprises
  • 99.94% micro
  • 74.5 lakh jobs added
  • pay +3.9%
  • bank credit to micro/small +33% YoY
  • 81% loans from institutional sources
  • Kerala debt/est Rs 1.51 lakh
  • Puducherry loans 14x to Rs 3.75 lakh

Why this matters

A retrenching informal sector creates consolidation openings—distressed micro-units and underbanked supplier networks become acquisition or aggregation targets for formalization plays and embedded-finance platforms.